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Walking routes in Moscow

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      All day: Kremlin, Red Square and an evening at the Bolshoi

      ⏱ 10 h🚶 6 km🍽 3📍 13 stops
      🚶 Moderate — 3–7 km

      A classic first day in Moscow: from breakfast overlooking Red Square to dinner overlooking the Kremlin.

      🍽 Food tour🏛 History and architecture
      🗺 Open in Yandex Maps
      1. 1
        ☕️ Bosco Café in GUM
        Красная пл., 3, ГУМ, 1-я линия
        ▮▮▮▮▯
        Breakfast with a view of Red Square
        🍴 An Italian café on the first line of GUM with windows onto Red Square. What to order: syrniki (cottage-cheese pancakes) with berries, blini with homemade cottage cheese or porridge for breakfast, gelato from the Bosco kiosk.
      2. 🚶 on foot
      3. 2
        🏛 Red Square
        The country's main square, paved with cobblestones, between the Kremlin, GUM, the State Historical Museum and St Basil's Cathedral.
        Lenin's Mausoleum, GUM and the Spasskaya Tower
        📖 More about the placeCollapse
        Red Square
        © Юрий Д.К. · CC BY 4.0
        Red Square
        © Олег Токарев · CC BY-SA 4.0
        Red Square
        © Leokand · CC BY-SA 4.0
        • The name "Red" ("beautiful") stuck to the square in the second half of the 17th century; before that it was called Torg ("the Market") and Pozhar ("the Burnt Place").
        • The square measures about 330 by 75 metres.
        • In 1990 Red Square, together with the Kremlin, was added to the UNESCO World Heritage List.
        • The Lobnoye Mesto is mentioned from 1549; contrary to legend, executions were usually held not on it but next to it.
        • The Minin and Pozharsky monument by Ivan Martos was unveiled in 1818 and moved to St Basil's Cathedral in 1931.
        • GUM, formerly the Upper Trading Rows, was built in 1890–1893 to a design by Alexander Pomerantsev.
        • The present granite Lenin Mausoleum was built to a design by Alexey Shchusev in 1930.
        • On 7 November 1941 troops leaving the parade marched from here straight to the front.
      4. 🚶 on foot
      5. 3
        🏛 St Basil's Cathedral
        🎟 ticket · a branch of the Historical Museum
        The 16th-century Cathedral of the Intercession with colourful onion domes, the symbol of Moscow at the edge of Red Square.
        Inside is a maze of nine churches
        📖 More about the placeCollapse
        St Basil's Cathedral
        © Anton Zelenov · CC BY-SA 3.0
        St Basil's Cathedral
        © Diego Delso · CC BY-SA 4.0
        • The cathedral was built in 1555–1561 on the orders of Ivan the Terrible in memory of the capture of Kazan in 1552.
        • Its official name is the Cathedral of the Intercession of the Most Holy Mother of God on the Moat.
        • According to the chronicle, it was built by the architects Barma and Postnik; they may be one person, Postnik Yakovlev, nicknamed Barma.
        • The chapel over the grave of the holy fool Basil the Blessed was added in 1588, and the church got its popular name from it.
        • The colourful painting of the domes appeared only in the 17th century; originally the church was red and white.
        • The legend of the architects blinded on the tsar's orders is not confirmed: Postnik later built in Kazan.
        • Since 1928 the cathedral has been a branch of the Historical Museum, and since 1991 services have been held in it again.
      6. 🚶 on foot
      7. 4
        🌳 Alexander Garden
        A garden along the Kremlin wall in three parts: the Eternal Flame, the Ruins Grotto and flower beds by the Manege.
        Enter the Kremlin through the Kutafya Tower
        📖 More about the placeCollapse
        Alexander Garden
        © Юрий Д.К. · CC BY 4.0
        Alexander Garden
        © Shakko · CC BY-SA 4.0
        • The garden was laid out in 1819–1823 to a design by Osip Bove on the site of the Neglinnaya River, which was put into an underground pipe.
        • It was named Alexander Garden in 1856 after Alexander I, under whom Moscow was rebuilt after the fire of 1812.
        • Bove built the Ruins Grotto by the Middle Arsenal Tower in 1820; its masonry includes fragments of buildings destroyed in 1812.
        • The Tomb of the Unknown Soldier was opened on 8 May 1967: a soldier's remains were moved here from the 41st kilometre of Leningradskoye Shosse.
        • Guard of Honour Post No. 1 was moved from the Mausoleum to the Eternal Flame in 1997; the guard changes every hour.
        • The 1914 obelisk for the 300th anniversary of the House of Romanov was converted in 1918 into a monument to revolutionary thinkers, and in 2013 it got its original look back.
        • The garden is divided into three parts, Upper, Middle and Lower, and stretches along the Kremlin's western wall for about 865 metres.
      8. 🚶 on foot
      9. 5
        🏛 Kremlin Cathedral Square
        🎟 ticket · entry to the Kremlin requires a ticket
        The Kremlin's main square, with white-stone cathedrals of the 15th–16th centuries and the Ivan the Great Bell Tower.
        Kremlin cathedrals; buy tickets in advance on the Kremlin museums website
        📖 More about the placeCollapse
        Kremlin Cathedral Square
        © szeke · CC BY-SA 2.0
        • In 1474 the almost finished Dormition Cathedral collapsed after an earthquake, and Ivan III invited Aristotele Fioravanti from Italy.
        • Fioravanti built the new Dormition Cathedral in four years; Russian princes and tsars were crowned here.
        • The Archangel Cathedral holds 46 tombs and 54 burials, almost all the Moscow princes and tsars up to Peter I.
        • The Ivan the Great Bell Tower was erected in 1505 to a design by the Italian Bon Fryazin on the site of the Church of St John Climacus.
        • The Dormition belfry holds the working Dormition Bell, weighing more than 65 tonnes.
        • The Palace of Facets, with a throne hall resting on a single pillar, was laid down in 1487 by the Italian master Marco Fryazin.
        • In 1812 the retreating French blew up the belfry by Ivan the Great; it was restored in 1814–1815.
        • In 1990 the Kremlin, together with Red Square, was added to the UNESCO World Heritage list.
      10. 🚶 on foot
      11. 6
        🏛 Tsar Cannon and Tsar Bell
        🎟 ticket · on the Kremlin grounds, entry requires a ticket
        A 16th-century bronze cannon weighing about 40 tonnes and the world's largest bell, with a broken-off edge.
        Tsar Cannon and Tsar Bell
        📖 More about the placeCollapse
        Tsar Cannon and Tsar Bell
        © Gzen92 · CC BY-SA 4.0
        • The Tsar Cannon was cast in 1586 by the master Andrei Chokhov on the orders of Tsar Feodor Ivanovich.
        • The cannon's calibre is 890 mm and its weight about 39.3 tonnes.
        • The cannon was never fired: during restoration in the 1980s it turned out that the barrel had never been cleaned after casting.
        • The cast-iron carriage and cannonballs were made in the 19th century and are purely decorative: each ball weighs almost 2 tonnes.
        • The Tsar Bell was cast in 1735 by decree of Anna Ioannovna; Ivan Motorin began the work, and his son Mikhail finished it.
        • The bell weighs 202 tonnes and has a diameter of 6.6 m, and it was never used for its purpose.
        • In the fire of 1737 the bell cracked and a piece weighing 11.5 tonnes broke off.
        • The bell lay in the casting pit for about a century; in 1836 it was raised to a design by Auguste de Montferrand and set on a pedestal.
      12. 🚶 on foot
      13. 7
        🖼 Armoury Chamber
        🎟 ticket · a separate timed ticket, not included in the Kremlin ticket
        The Kremlin's oldest treasury: crowns, thrones, armour, diplomatic gifts and state carriages.
        Armoury Chamber — timed sessions
        📖 More about the placeCollapse
        Armoury Chamber
        © Ludvig14 · CC BY-SA 3.0
        • The first mention of the Armoury Chamber dates to 1547, in the chronicle account of Ivan the Terrible's coronation.
        • The treasury has worked as a museum since 1806, but became open to everyone only in 1918.
        • The current building was built in 1851 to a design by Konstantin Thon in the Russian-Byzantine style.
        • The Cap of Monomakh was made by Eastern craftsmen in the 13th–14th centuries.
        • Among the thrones is a Persian one, given to Boris Godunov by Shah Abbas, set with tourmalines and turquoise.
        • The oldest carriage in the collection is English, from the 16th century: with no seat for a coachman and a cabin hung on straps.
        • It holds the English summer carriage that Count Grigory Orlov gave to Catherine II.
        • Since 1967 the Diamond Fund exhibition has been on the ground floor of the building.
      14. 🚶 on foot
      15. 8
        🚶 Nikolskaya Street
        A pedestrian street from Red Square to Lubyanka with the Kazan Cathedral, the Print Yard and garlands overhead.
        Pedestrian Nikolskaya Street
        📖 More about the placeCollapse
        Nikolskaya Street
        © Ludvig14 · CC BY-SA 3.0
        Nikolskaya Street
        © Uwe Brodrecht · CC BY-SA 2.0
        Nikolskaya Street
        © Юрий Д.К. · CC BY 4.0
        • It is named after the Old St Nicholas Monastery, founded here in 1390.
        • In 1564 Ivan Fyodorov printed the Apostol at the Print Yard on Nikolskaya, the first dated Russian printed book.
        • The Gothic Synodal Printing House with a lion and a unicorn was built in 1814; the press worked there until 1918.
        • In 1687 the Slavic Greek Latin Academy opened here, Moscow's first institution of higher education, where Lomonosov later studied.
        • In the Slavyansky Bazar restaurant (No. 17) in 1897, Stanislavsky and Nemirovich-Danchenko, over many hours of conversation, agreed to found the Moscow Art Theatre.
        • Ferrein's pharmacy at No. 21 was built in 1894–1899 to a design by Adolf Erichson.
        • The street became pedestrian in August 2013 and is about 630 m long.
      16. 🚶 on foot
      17. 9
        🍜 Vokrug Sveta Gastromarket
        Никольская ул., 10
        ▮▯▯▯▯
        Lunch: a food market with cuisines from around the world
        🍴 A gastromarket on Nikolskaya Street: food stalls with cuisines from different countries in one hall, open until late. What to order: tom yum with shrimp, oysters at the shrimp stall, khachapuri at the Georgian stall, Turkish coffee brewed on sand.
      18. 🚶 on foot
      19. 10
        🌳 Zaryadye Park
        🎟 partly ticketed · the park is free; the media centre and ice cave are ticketed
        A park by the Kremlin walls with landscapes of Russia's different zones, hills, underground pavilions and a concert hall.
        The Floating Bridge over the river
        📖 More about the placeCollapse
        Zaryadye Park
        © GAlexandrova · CC BY-SA 4.0
        Zaryadye Park
        © Alina Vozna · CC BY-SA 4.0
        • The park opened on 9 September 2017, City Day, on the site of the Rossiya Hotel, which closed in 2006.
        • The Rossiya Hotel, opened in 1967, was at the time the largest in the world.
        • The project was created by a consortium led by the New York studio Diller Scofidio + Renfro, which won the 2013 competition.
        • Four Russian landscapes have been recreated over 13 hectares: tundra, steppe, forest and swamp.
        • The Floating Bridge juts out 70 m over the Moskva River and has no supports in the water.
        • Zaryadye Concert Hall opened on 8 September 2018: the main hall has about 1,500 seats, and the organ has 85 stops.
        • In 2018 Time magazine named Zaryadye one of the world's greatest places, and in 2019 the park won the jury's top prize at the MIPIM Awards in Cannes.
      20. 🚶 on foot
      21. 11
        🚶 Varvarka Street
        A short ancient street in Kitay-gorod with a string of churches, the Old English Court and the Romanov boyars' chambers on the slope down to the river.
        Romanov Chambers
        📖 More about the placeCollapse
        Varvarka Street
        © Alexxx1979 · CC BY-SA 4.0
        Varvarka Street
        © Alexxx1979 · CC BY-SA 4.0
        Varvarka Street
        © Alexxx1979 · CC BY-SA 4.0
        • The street is named after the Church of St Barbara; the present building was built in 1796–1804 by the architect Rodion Kazakov.
        • From 1933 to 1990 the street was called Razin Street; tradition says Stepan Razin was taken along it to his execution in 1671.
        • According to tradition, Tsar Mikhail Fyodorovich was born in the Romanov boyars' chambers; a museum opened here in 1859, one of the first in Moscow.
        • Ivan the Terrible gave the 16th-century Old English Court to the English merchants of the Muscovy Company in 1556.
        • The street still has the churches of Maxim the Blessed and of George on Pskovskaya Hill, and the 17th-century Znamensky Monastery.
        • The south side of the street was occupied by the Rossiya Hotel until 2006; Zaryadye Park opened on its site in 2017.
      22. 🚶 on foot
      23. 12
        🏛 Bolshoi Theatre
        The country's main opera and ballet theatre, with an eight-column portico and Apollo's quadriga above the entrance.
        An illuminated theatre; you can book a ticket for an evening performance
        📖 More about the placeCollapse
        Bolshoi Theatre
        © Юрий Д.К. · CC BY 4.0
        • The theatre's founding day is considered to be 28 March 1776, when Prince Pyotr Urusov received from Catherine II the right to maintain theatrical performances.
        • The current building, designed by Osip Bove, opened on 18 January 1825 with the prologue The Triumph of the Muses.
        • After the fire of 1853 only the walls and colonnade survived; Albert Cavos rebuilt the theatre in three years, and it reopened on 20 August 1856.
        • The bronze quadriga of Apollo by Pyotr Klodt replaced the earlier alabaster sculpture after the fire of 1853.
        • The famous golden brocade curtain, designed by Fyodor Fyodorovsky, appeared in 1955.
        • The Historic Stage was reconstructed from 2005 to 2011 and reopened on 28 October 2011.
        • From October 1941 to July 1943 the theatre worked in evacuation in Kuibyshev.
      24. 🚶 on foot
      25. 13
        🍽 Beluga Restaurant
        ул. Моховая, 15/1, гостиница «Националь», 2 этаж
        ▮▮▮▮▮
        Dinner: caviar and windows onto the Kremlin, booking essential
        🍴 A caviar restaurant in the National hotel with a view of the Kremlin and Manezhnaya Square. What to order: the Burlak breakfast, a caviar sandwich, mimosa salad with sturgeon, pike dumplings.

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